Existing Structural Problems in China's Machine Tool Industry-4

The Industry's Technology Research and Development System Is Weakened and the Innovation Ability of Enterprises Is Insufficient

1. The old scientific research system has disappeared and the new industry innovation system has not yet been formed

At the end of the 90's, the various industrial departments were transformed into enterprises, the purpose of which was to improve the efficiency of scientific research units and solve the problem of scientific research and production of two skins. The reform has indeed received great results, but to a certain extent, it has led to the disruption of the existing industry research and development system, after the transfer of enterprises to profit-oriented, industry-based, common technology research function weakened or disappeared, the loss of scientific and technological talent, research capacity degradation.

Domestic research on machine tool manufacturing is in a "fragmented" state. There is also a lack of co-ordination, a multi-door policy, or a repeat investment, or a long-term gap. Scientific research input, technical reserve and test conditions are insufficient. The relevant scientific research layout of colleges and universities is not systematic, and the cooperation mechanism with enterprise research and development is not smooth. The gap between the level of research on industrial cutting-edge technology and the West has not narrowed, but has been expanding.

The innovation ability of enterprise technology is poor. Many enterprises hang the government issued "science and technology centers, bases, laboratories" and other brands, but the real research and development capabilities of enterprises are not many. Many of the key backbone enterprises, its technology research and development capacity has even declined. A large number of small and medium-sized machine tool enterprises research and development capacity impact.

Due to the lack of the accumulation of original technology, domestic machine tool enterprises technological progress and new product research and development, more stuck in the imitation and digestion and absorption of foreign advanced products, often know it is not known, new product research and development design mainly rely on experience and imitation, lack of theoretical support and test basis, it is not like God. Most enterprises lack advanced detection and experimental means, resulting in the prototype, but can not be perfected through the process verification, or even do not know where to start, did not master the core technology.

Over the years, China's machine tool industry is relying on joint ventures to introduce cooperation, tracking imitation of the technological progress route, the formation of path dependence, so that independent research and development capabilities seriously weakened, even the spirit of independent innovation has been affected.

2. The shortcomings of the industry's science and technology system are still widespread

In the Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), a major scientific and technological special project (04 special) was set up for "high-grade CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment". The special project began in 2009, a total of about 600 projects, the central financial investment of nearly 10 billion yuan. The main direction of attack is aerospace, automotive, ship, power and other fields in urgent need of high-grade CNC machine tools. Research and development results include all kinds of new products, new technologies about 3000 items, new machine tool products have greatly improved indicators. The domestic market share of high-grade NUMERICAL control system has been increased from less than 1% to about 5%.

The general opinion in the industry that the organization of the 04 project still needs to be improved, mainly: the decentralized funding arrangement, the top-level design needs to be improved, the special focus on key technologies and products, the basic and common technology research arrangement is small, the initial results of the follow-up verification of the funds and time is not enough (the success of the laboratory and the actual production of the performance indicators are very different; The new technology formed by the national scientific and technological input is difficult to share and popularize.

More worthy of attention is the common technology research platform. 04 Special is a project system with a temporary nature. China's machine tool enterprises generally lack of funds for research and development, for the research and development cycle of limited patience, most of the "fast hammer" to take the doctrine. A few companies are willing to invest in strategic basic research, but also lack of spare power.

Modern machine tools, including a number of multi-level technology, the level of its products is determined by the industry-wide technical ecology. The development of new machine tools requires a profound theoretical basis and a large amount of on-site test data and experience. In the case of China's machine tool industry, the vast number of small and medium-sized machine tool enterprises have a very realistic demand for common technical services.

Taiwan's economy is fully market-oriented, but the Taiwan Institute of Industry and Research has contributed significantly to the progress of its machine tool industry. Germany's famous Frahofe Institute, is also a market-oriented, public technical services to provide integrated scientific research institutions. The combination of professional research institutes and the research and development institutions of the backbone of large enterprises can support the healthy mechanism of cooperation between industry, science and research.