Existing Structural Problems in China's Machine Tool Industry-3

Big Gap in Technology between China and Foreign Countries

At present, there is still a big gap between the technical level of China's machine tool industry and developed countries, the following analysis from several levels.

First, high-end CNC systems are controlled by people. Advanced (and some mid-range) CNC systems are still monopolized by Fanaco and Siemens products. The import price devoured 30% -40% of the profits of the whole machine. Foreign investors not only monopolize high-end products, but also restrict exports to China. Siemens' CNC system is divided into export type and standard type. The export type restricts a large number of function groups. Non-EU users purchasing these functions need to obtain a formal license from Germany or the EU. A few domestic enterprises (Huazhong CNC, Dalian Koyo, etc.) have initially mastered high-end CNC systems and currently have a market share of less than 10%. The performance (high speed, high precision, multi-channel, composite type), stability and life span of its products are still difficult to compete with Japanese and German products. The main problem is that it has not been approved by users yet.

Second, the basis of various high-tech functional components and key components is weak. China's servo drive units, spindle units, measurement feedback components, tool magazine robots, CNC tool holders, ball screws and guide rails, bearings, liquid and gas lubrication devices, etc., have a large gap between the degree of specialization and the West, less variety, unstable quality, and life Short, high cost and long delivery period. High-end functional components are basically imported (80% of electric spindles and tools), which consumes most of the profits of domestic machine tool manufacturers. The development of CNC machine tools towards high-speed, precision, and compound machining puts forward the corresponding requirements on accuracy, speed, life, and reliability of the tools. The gap between the performance and quality of our tools is obvious. There are very few special tool varieties for users' individual requirements. Domestic manufacturers can only provide 10% of the tools (including materials) required for precision machining. They are imported in large quantities every year, which is expensive and the users are overwhelmed.

Third, the measuring instruments used for high-speed precision machining are basically monopolized by Italian-German companies. Various types of automatic measuring instruments have been computerized and digitized, and some of their measuring sensors have reached the nanometer level, which can analyze the measured objects and find out the weak links in the processing process. Without measurement, it is impossible to judge whether the precision-machined parts are qualified, real-time online measurement and data processing are impossible, and problems in the processing process cannot be found, and it is impossible to improve the production process.

Fourth, the consistency and reliability of domestic CNC machine tools is not high is the outstanding weakness. Accuracy consistency and reliability are indicators that need attention in mass production such as automobiles. Technical experts pointed out that the factors that determine reliability are both technical and management (domestic enterprises generally lack strict requirements on process operations), which requires enterprises to be down-to-earth, work hard and master core technologies. The CNC system and servo device of Fanac in Japan have strict statistics and analysis of the failure rate. This "relies on stupid effort to eliminate the unreliable factors. The results should be incorporated into the design, process, and manufacturing process, become standardized and strictly implemented, and then improved according to user feedback. Multiple internal and external feedback accumulation, Form an enterprise-specific database to provide a basis for problem-oriented innovation. "

In addition, experts report that the processing function of the high-end machine tool products developed by our country is not much different from similar foreign products, but the various performance indicators (processing speed, accuracy, stability, reliability, composite multi-function, flexible, Intelligence, service life, etc.), there is still a considerable gap.