Common failure types of machine tools in precision parts processing plants

The machine tool of the precision parts processing center cannot work normally due to its own reasons. The phenomenon that the control machine tool loses all or part of the specified functions is called the failure of the CNC machine tool. The machine tool is a product of electromechanical integration, with advanced technology and complicated structure. This brings many difficulties to the diagnosis and maintenance of CNC machine tools. In order to facilitate the failure and analysis of machine tools, the failures of CNC machine tools are roughly divided into the following categories.

    1. System failure and random failure:

According to the necessity and accidental occurrence of faults, it is divided into systematic faults and random faults.

    (1) Systematic faults refer to the faults that machine tools and systems must inevitably occur under a certain condition. Random faults refer to accidental faults. Therefore, it is more difficult to analyze and eliminate random faults than systemic faults.

    (2) Generally, random faults are often caused by local loosening of mechanical structures, misalignment, drift of operating characteristics of components in the control system, and reduced reliability of electrical components, and generally require repeated testing and comprehensive judgment to eliminate.

    2. Diagnosis display failure and no diagnosis display failure:

According to whether there is a self-diagnosis display when a fault occurs in the precision parts processing center, it is generally divided into two types: diagnosis display failure and no diagnosis display failure.

    (1) The current CNC system has rich self-diagnosis functions. When a fault occurs, it will stop and alarm and automatically display the corresponding alarm parameter number to make it easier for maintenance personnel to find the cause.

    (2) Without diagnosis, it indicates that the machine cannot be moved when it is stopped at a certain position, or even fails manually. Maintenance personnel can only analyze and judge based on the phenomenon before and after the failure, and it is difficult to eliminate the failure.

    3. Destructive failure and non-destructive failure:

    According to whether the failure is destructive, it is divided into destructive failure and non-destructive failure.

    (1) Destructive faults such as runaway servos causing crashes, short-circuit blown fuses, etc. are difficult to maintain and have certain risks. After repair, precision parts processing machine tools are not allowed to reappear.

    (2) Non-destructive faults can be eliminated after repeated trials and tests without causing harm to the machine tool.

    4. Machine tool motion characteristics quality failure:

    (1) After this type of fault occurs, the machine tool will operate as usual, and no alarm display will appear, but the processed workpiece is unqualified. For these faults, comprehensive measures must be taken for the machinery, control system, servo system, etc. with the cooperation of the testing instrument .

    5. Hardware failure and software failure:

    According to the fault location, it is divided into hardware fault and software fault.

    (1) Hardware failures can be eliminated by replacing certain components.

Software failures are caused by programming errors, which can be eliminated by modifying program content or revising precision machine tool parameters.

(2) The software failure is caused by programming error, which can be eliminated by modifying the program content or revising the precision machine tool parameters.