The Evolution Of The Crib

The crib is a machine tool that mainly uses a vehicle knife to turn rotating work parts. In the carbed can also be used drill bit, hole drill, reamer, tap, plate teeth and flower rolling tools, etc. for the corresponding processing. The bed is mainly used for processing shafts, discs, sets and other work parts with swing surfaces and is the most widely used type of machine tool in machinery manufacturing and repair plants.

1. The "bow bed" of ancient pulleys and bow rods. As early as ancient Egypt, the technique of turning wood around its central axis was invented with a cutter. At first, people used two standing wood as a stand, set up the wood to turn, used the elasticity of the branches to roll the rope to the wood, by hand or foot pull the rope to turn the wood, and hand-held tools for cutting.

This ancient method evolved into a rope around two or three rings on a pulley, which was attached to an elastic rod bent into a bow, pushing and pulling the bow back and forth to rotate the machined object for turning, which is called a "bow lathe".

2. Medieval crankshaft, fly-wheel drive "bicycle lathe". In the Middle Ages, someone designed a "pedal lathe" that used pedals to rotate the crankshaft and drive the fly wheel, which was then driven to the spindle to rotate it. In the mid-16th century, a French designer named Besson designed a lathe for screws that used screw bars to slide tools, but unfortunately it was not popularized.

3. In the eighteenth century, bedside boxes and cardboards were born. By the 18th century, another crankshaft had been designed to rotate the crankshaft with pedals and connecting rods, which could store rotating momentum on the lathe on the fly wheel and develop from a direct rotating work tool to a rotary bedside box, a chuck for clamping work pieces.

4.1797 British Mozley invented the epoch-making knife-framed crib with precision guide screws and interchangeable gears.

Born in 1771, Mozley was a right-hand man to inventor Brammer when he was 18. Brammer is said to have been working as a farmer, and at the age of 16 he had to switch to less mobile carpentry after an accident left him with a broken right ankle. His first invention was the toilet in 1778, and Mozley began helping Brammer design hydro presses and other machinery until he was 26, when Brammer rudely rejected Moritz's request to increase his salary to more than 30 shillings a week.

The year Mozley left Brammer, he made his first threaded lathe, an all-metal lathe with tool seats and tail seats that could move along two parallel rails. The guide face of the rail is triangular, driving the screw as the spindle rotates to move the tool holder sideways. This is the main body of modern crib, with which precision metal screws of any pitch can be made.

Three years later, Mozley created a more complete crib in his own workshop, with gears that could be replaced with each other to change the pitch of the infested and processed threads. In 1817, another Englishman, Roberts, used a four-stage belt wheel and a back wheel mechanism to change the spindle speed. Soon, larger lathes came out, crediting the invention of steam engines and other machinery.

5. In order to improve the degree of mechanized automation, in 1845, The United States Of America's Finch invented the turret lathe; in 1848, the United States re-emerged wheel lathes; in 1873, Spencer of the United States made a single-axis automatic lathe, and soon he made a three-axis automatic lathe; and in the early 20th century, a lathe with a gear transmission was available. Due to the invention of high-speed tool steel and the application of electric motors, the crib has been continuously improved, and finally reached a modern level of high speed and high precision.

After the First World War, due to the needs of the arms, automobile and other machinery industries, a variety of high-efficiency automatic and specialized cribs developed rapidly. In order to increase the productivity of small batch work parts, in the late 1940s, the rathes with hydraulic imitation devices were popularized, while multi-knife cribs were also developed. In the mid-1950s, program control beds with perforated cards, pin plates and dial-up trays were developed. CNC technology began to be used in the 1960s and developed rapidly after the 1970s.

6. The crib is divided into several types according to its use and function.

The processing object of ordinary crib is wide, the adjustment range of spindle speed and intake is large, and the internal and external surfaces, end faces and internal and external threads of work parts can be processed. This lathe is mainly operated by the workers manually, low production efficiency, suitable for single-piece, small batch production and repair workshop.

The turbotheon lathe and the swing lathe have a turbo tower frame or wheel frame that can fit multiple knives, and can be used by workers to complete a variety of processes using different tools in turn in a single clip of work items, which is suitable for mass production.

Automatic crib can automatically complete the multi-process processing of small and medium-sized work parts according to certain procedures, can automatically feed up and down, repeated processing of a number of the same work parts, suitable for large-scale, large-scale production.

Multi-knife semi-automatic lathes are divided into single-axis, multi-axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout form of single-axis horizontal is similar to that of ordinary lathes, but the two sets of knife frames are installed on the front and back of the spindle or up and down respectively for processing discs, rings and shaft-type work parts, and their productivity is 3 to 5 times higher than that of ordinary lathes.

The imitation crib can imitate the shape size of the model or sample, automatically complete the processing cycle of the work piece, and is suitable for small batch and batch production of the more complex work parts, and the productivity is 10 to 15 times higher than that of the ordinary cart. Multi-knife rack, multi-axis, card plate type, vertical and other types.

The spindle of the vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal surface, the work parts are clamped to the horizontal swing workbench, and the knife holder moves on the beam or column. Suitable for processing larger, heavier, difficult to install in ordinary latha bed work, generally divided into single-pillar and double-pillar two categories.

At the same time as turning the toothed crib, the tool frame periodically reverses the diameter movement, which is used for the shaped flanks of the forklift milling cutters, rollers, etc. Usually with a spatula attachment, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor grinds the flanks.

A specialized crib is a bed for processing a specific surface of a certain type of work, such as a crankshaft bed, camshaft bed, wheel bed, axle bed, roll bed and ingot crib, etc.

Joint crib is mainly used for turning, but after attaching some special parts and accessories, it can also be machined, milled, drilled, inserted, grinding and so on, with the characteristics of "one machine multi-functional", suitable for engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair station repair work.