Knowledge of selection of geometric angle of milling cutter for turning and milling

1. Turning and milling combined machining geometry of the cutting part of the milling cutter

   (1) Rake face: The surface on the tool through which chips flow, called the rake face.

(2) Back to face: the surface opposite to the surface generated during cutting on the workpiece, called the flank face.

(3) Vice flank face: the flank face on the tool that intersects the rake face to form the secondary cutting edge.

(4) Main cutting edge: starting from the point on the cutting edge where the main declination angle is zero, and at least one section of the cutting edge is used to cut the entire section of the cutting surface on the workpiece.

(5) Auxiliary cutting edge: The edge on the cutting edge other than the main cutting edge also starts at the point where the main declination angle is zero, but it extends away from the main cutting edge.

(6) Tool tip: Refers to a part of the cutting edge where the connection between the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edge is quite small.

2. The geometric angle of the milling cutter for turning and milling

To correctly determine and measure the geometric angle of the milling cutter, the coordinate plane of the two angle measurement datums is required, namely the base plane and the cutting plane. The main geometric angle of the milling cutter is the angle between each cutter face or cutting edge and the coordinate plane. The base plane is the plane passing through the selected point on the cutting edge, it is parallel or perpendicular to a plane or axis suitable for installation or positioning of the tool during manufacturing, sharpening and measuring, and its orientation is perpendicular to the assumed main direction of movement. The base surface on the milling cutter is generally a plane containing the axis of the milling cutter. The cutting plane is a plane that is tangent to the cutting edge through a selected point on the cutting edge and perpendicular to the base surface. The cutting plane on the milling cutter is generally the plane tangent to the outer cylinder (cone) of the milling cutter. The main cutting edge is the main cutting plane, and the auxiliary cutting edge is the auxiliary cutting plane. The main geometric angle of the milling cutter is as follows:

(1) Rake angle: The rake angle is the angle between the front face and the base surface, measured in an orthogonal plane perpendicular to the base surface and the cutting plane.

(2) Back angle: The back angle is the angle between the back face and the cutting plane, measured in the orthogonal plane.

(3) Blade inclination angle and helix angle: The blade inclination angle of the face milling cutter and the helix angle of the cylindrical milling cutter are the angles between the main cutting edge and the base surface, measured in the main cutting plane.

(4) Entering angle: The entering angle is the angle between the main cutting plane and the assumed working plane parallel to the feed direction, measured in the base plane.

(5) Secondary declination: The secondary declination is the angle between the secondary cutting plane and the assumed working plane, measured in the base plane.